Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute

The Valve Center of Excellence at the Florida Hospital Cardiovascular InstituteThe Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute excels at the repair and replacement of heart valves. While the Florida Hospital Cardiovascular Institute has become recognized around the world for the volume of procedures performed, expertise and success, valve surgery has become a routine practice at our Institute. We treat more cardiac patients than any other hospital in the nation. Between 2004 and 2006, our surgeons repaired or replaced more than 1,500 valves. This award-winning cardiac care program has also earned its solid reputation as a comprehensive training facility for visiting surgeons across the country and all over the globe. What is heart valve disease?Whether present at birth or developing later in life, any deterioration in the function of the heart’s four valves is called valve disease.  When the opening of a heart valve is narrowed and restricts blood flow, the condition is known as stenosis. When valves stiffen, weaken or deform, causing leakage between the heart’s chambers, the condition is called insufficiency (or regurgitation). When present individually or in combination, these conditions can seriously affect blood flow to all parts of the body. If left untreated, valve disease can affect your quality of life and even become life threatening.Your heart contains four valves that work in coordination to control the flow of blood in your heart. There is a single valve in each half of the heart – the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve – as well as the aortic and pulmonic valves that receive and send blood through your blood vessels. If left untreated, valve disease can affect your quality of life or even become life threatening. Between the years 2004 and 2006, the surgeons of The Florida Cardiovascular Institute repaired and replaced more than 1,500 valves.What causes heart valve disease?Heart valve disease can be congenital (present at birth) and the exact causes are largely unknown.  When valves fail to develop normally, stenosis or insufficiency frequently result.  If discovered during pregnancy, surgery is often recommended either shortly after birth, or even before.When heart valve disease develops later in life, bacterial infections, some age related degeneration, and certain medications have all been shown to be likely causes. Before the widespread use of antibiotics, rheumatic fever was a common culprit, with symptoms appearing later in life.  Prior heart attacks, atherosclerosis with calcification, and lupus have all been implicated in heart valve disease. What are the symptoms? Most people with heart valve disease experience a number of warning signs: Shortness of breath              Usually when active, but often when lying downDizziness             Fainting, light-headedness, disorientationWeakness              Excessive fatigue, even with normal activityChest pressure              A feeling of weight or pressure in the chest when activePalpitations              Racing heart, odd “flip-flop” sensationsSwelling              Ankles, feet or abdomenRapid weight gain              Up to several pounds in one day Important!  The severity of symptoms may not be an accurate barometer of your condition. Some patients with serious valve disease show few symptoms. It’s extremely important to follow up with your doctor if you experience any of the issues listed above and an echocardiogram should be done to access valve function. What treatment options are available?The three main goals of effective treatment of heart valve disease: Protect valves from further damageLessen the severity of symptomsRepair or replace valves Medications Various medications can be effective in treating pain, slowing the rate of progression or resolving other symptoms, but none have been shown to actually cure heart valve disease or repair its damage as it is a “mechanical” process.You may be prescribed a number of medications designed to make it easier for your heart to do its job.  Medications can help remove excess fluid from the body, control heart rhythm, treat high blood pressure and reduce the possibility of blood clots forming on the valve’s surface.SurgeryNot all cases of heart valve disease require surgery.  If your condition is stable or only minimally affects your day to day life, medication and monitoring is often the preferred course of action. Depending on the nature and severity of your condition though, your physician may recommend some form of surgery that involves either repair or replacement of the affected valve.  It’s now a safe and effective procedure in institutions that specialize in valve surgery with large volumes.All four heart valves are different and each has specific requirements for repair or replacement.  Wherever possible, repair is the preferred option, providing a normal functioning long term valve.  If necessary, valves may be replaced with bioprosthetic valves (tissue valves) or prosthetic valves (mechanical valves).  Valve options should be discussed at length with your surgeon to determine what is right for each individual patient. What are the different types of heart valve disease? See below for information on the different types of heart valve disease.

Heart failure affects more than five million Americans. Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump blood efficiently to the body’s other organs, resulting in those organs failing as well. This can lead to the development of some or all of the following symptoms: fatigue, swelling in the feet, ankles, or abdomen, shortness of breath, and/or cough. Those at risk include diabetic patients, patients with high blood pressure, and patients with a history of heart attack.